・ Rolling resistance (N1) = Rolling resistance coefficient x (vehicle weight [kg] + occupant weight [kg]) x gravitational acceleration [9.8m / s2]

・ Air resistance (N2) = (1/2) x Cd x air density [kg / m3] x front projected area [m2] x running speed [m / s] 2

・ Gradient resistance (N3) = (vehicle weight [kg] + occupant weight [kg]) x gravitational acceleration [9.8m / s2] x sinθ

・ Acceleration resistance (N4) = vehicle acceleration [m / s2] x (vehicle weight [kg] + occupant weight [kg] + equivalent inertial weight [kg])